";s:4:"text";s:26905:"Type II: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora. According to the statistics released by NHS Digital this week (July 23), there were 6,590 women and girls who either had a procedure to treat their FGM or were identified as having undergone FGM previously when they were treated between April 2019 and March 2020. An interagency statement on FGM, issued by 10 UN organizations, was issued in 2008. That said, these data must be analysed in light of the extremely delicate and often sensitive nature of the topic. This technical note provides an overview of gender transformative approaches to ending FGM including programme strategies, reference tools and resources, and case studies. Yet in every society in which it occurs, FGM is a manifestation of entrenched gender inequality. Regionally, the proportion of known values varies between 52% and 89%. As a result, prevalence estimates can be obtained for girls aged 0 to 14. Joint Programme on Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: Accelerating Change, A Decade of Action to Achieve Gender Equality: The UNICEF Approach to the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, The Humanitarian-Development Nexus: The Future of Protection in the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, Gender Transformative Approaches for the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, Calling for the End of the Medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation, Female Genital Mutilation Country Profiles. From Uganda, where FGM was prohibited in 2010, came reports of 226 cases of FGM in December 2018 and January 2019 in the Sebei region. By 2030, more than one in three girls worldwide will be born in the 31 countries where FGM is most prevalent, putting 68 million girls – some as young as infants – at risk of being cut. We also help to provide girls at risk of FGM, as well as FGM survivors, with access to suitable care, while mobilizing communities to transform the social norms that uphold the practice. Over the last 10 years, UNICEF and ICF International have worked closely to standardize survey questions on FGM/C used in DHS and MICS. The third and fourth rounds of MICS (mainly conducted in 2005–2006 and in 2009─2011) generated updated FGM/C data from 16 countries, including 7 with no prior data (Djibouti, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Togo). Some communities endorse it as a means of controlling girls’ sexuality or safeguarding their chastity. A new report from UNICEF analyses prevalence and trends in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in 29 countries. A module on FGM/C was developed for the first time for the 1989–1990 DHS conducted in the northern part of what was then known as Sudan. With increased availability of nationally representative data on FGM/C, including repeat surveys in several countries, trends in the prevalence and attitudes towards the practice can be analysed. This policy brief calls for attention to the increased level of medicalization of FGM – where the practice is performed by a health professional. Medicalization not only violates medical ethics, it also risks legitimizing the practice and giving the impression it is without health consequences. The prevalence of FGM in Egypt remains high, at 87. Receive the latest updates from the UNICEF Data team, : Monitoring the situation of children and women, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Female Genital Mutilation in Guinea-Bissau, Understanding the relationship between child marriage and female genital mutilation, Understanding the association between parental attitudes and the practice of female genital mutilation among daughters, A Profile of Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya, Female Genital Mutilation in the Middle East and North Africa, Female Genital Mutilation: A New Generation Calls for Ending an Old Practice, Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt: Recent trends and projections, A Profile of Female Genital Mutilation in Ethiopia, Female Genital Mutilation: Challenges & Solutions, Female Genital Mutilation Country Profiles, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A global concern, No Time To Lose on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. [7] Kvello, A. and L. Sayed, ‘Omskjering av kvinner i de forente arabiske emirater—er klitoridektomi i tradisjonell praksis et overgrep mot kvinner?’ (Concerning Female Circumcision in the United Arab Emirates: Is clitoridectomy in a traditional context an assault against women? The mother of a three-year-old girl has become the first person to be found guilty of female genital mutilation (FGM) in … No matter where or by whom it is performed, FGM is never safe. 29/01/2019 Egypt - Ministry of Health launches a new campaign to combat FGM. But as COVID-19 shutters schools and disrupts programmes that protect girls from this harmful practice, even more are likely to be cut in the coming years. Two girls in the village of Malicounda Bambara, Senegal, celebrate the abandonment of FGM in several nearby villages. Protecting children in humanitarian action. Updated January 2019 FOR MORE INFORMATION Data and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Research and Policy To address this limitation, MICS and DHS in 2010 introduced changes in the standard methodology used to collect information on FGM/C among daughters. The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Enhanced Dataset (SCCI 2026) supports the Department of Health's FGM Prevention Programme by presenting a national picture of the prevalence of FGM in England. Fast decline among girls aged 15 to 19 has occurred both in countries where the practice was once nearly universal, such as Egypt and Sierra Leone, as well as countries in which the practice was limited to subnational populations, such as Benin and the Maldives. They provide figures on how widespread the practice of FGM/C is, when and how it is performed, and what women and men think about the practice. These statistical profiles present the latest available data on female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) for 30 countries where FMG/C is concentrated. Explore global data and resources on this harmful practice, Approximately 1 in 4 survivors of female genital mutilation were cut by a health care provider, Henrietta Fore, UNICEF Executive Director CSW Side Event: Advancing Efforts to End FGM/C New York, NY March 14, 2019, How the harmful practice affects millions of girls worldwide. Information on the FGM/C status of daughters is generally regarded as more reliable than women’s self-reports, since any cutting would have occurred relatively recently and mothers presumably would have had some involvement in or knowledge of the event. By 2050, nearly 1 in 3 births worldwide will occur in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where FGM/C is concentrated, and nearly 500 million more girls and women will be living in these countries than there are today. 1, January 2011, pp. Starting in 1999, rather than asking about the eldest daughter, DHS and MICS began asking respondents whether any of their daughters had undergone FGM/C and, if so, how many of their daughters had been cut. 28 Too Many is an anti-female genital mutilation (FGM) charity, created to end FGM in the 28 African countries where it is practised and in other countries across the world where members of those communities have migrated. A new report from UNICEF analyses prevalence and trends in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in 29 countries. Numerous factors contribute to the prevalence of the practice. Moreover, since FGM is regarded as a traditional practice prejudicial to the health of children and is, in most cases, performed on minors, it violates the Convention on the Rights of the Child. While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have been cut in 31 countries with representative data on prevalence. Several important factors should be considered when examining trends in the practice: More detailed discussion of data collection methodologies and assessment of trends related to FGM/C can be found in: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change. Girls’ and women’s attitudes about FGM also vary widely across countries. Introduction In Wales, Health professionals use the All Wales Clinical Pathway – Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) when a new case of FGM is identified or suspected, in … Today, an alarming trend in some countries is the medicalization of FGM, in which the procedure is carried out by a health-care provider. Trends in prevalence and attitudes are also presented. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being,” and this statement has been used to argue that FGM violates the right to health and bodily integrity. In surveys up to 1999, female respondents who had at least one living daughter were asked about their eldest daughter: whether she was cut, the age at which FGM/C was performed, the type of FGM/C carried out and the person who did it. Available data from large-scale representative surveys show that the practice of FGM is highly concentrated in a swath of countries from the Atlantic coast to the Horn of Africa, in areas of the Middle East such as Iraq and Yemen and in some countries in Asia like Indonesia and the Maldives, with wide variations in prevalence. There is currently no national law in place banning FGM in Somalia. Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Overall, the practice of FGM has been declining over the last three decades. In these contexts, however, the available evidence comes from (sometimes outdated) small-scale studies or anecdotal accounts, and there are no representative data as yet on prevalence. With FGM considered as a form of violence against women, the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women can be invoked. Survey data on the FGM/C status of only one daughter cannot be used to estimate the prevalence of FGM/C among girls under age 15. However, even these data need to be interpreted with a degree of caution. Similarly, defining it as a form of torture brings it under the rubric of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. [1] FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights. Subnational Under-five Mortality Estimates, 1990–2019. New official figures published today provide experimental statistics on female genital mutilation (FGM) in England, from April 2018 to March 2019. Girls subjected to FGM are also at increased risk of becoming child brides and dropping out of school, threatening their ability to build a better future for themselves and their communities. 93, no. The practice is almost universal in Somalia, Guinea and Djibouti, with levels around 90 per cent, while it affects no more than 1 per cent of adolescent girls in Cameroon, the Maldives and Uganda. It is clear from this Country Profile that Egypt has the potential to greatly reduce its FGM p revalence, but it will require total commitment With data generated from the latest household surveys (DHS and MICS), this tool supports analysis to further efforts of the UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. It's understandable that opponents of female genital mutilation (FGM) might feel discouraged as the new year gets underway. [1] World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4. The year 2019 commemorated the thirtieth anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and celebrated the progress since that time. Drawing on history and best practices, the Joint Programme builds on resolutions from the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council to galvanize global momentum to eliminate FGM by 2030. Nationally representative data on FGM/C are mainly available from two sources: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). These statistical profiles present the latest available data on FGM for 31 countries where FGM is concentrated. Immediate risks include haemorrhage, shock, infection, urine retention and severe pain. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there's no medical reason for this to be done. Only 71% of individual women and girls with FGM Type 4 have a subtype recorded. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified FGM into four broad categories in 1995 and again in 2007: Type I: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce. Most surveys include additional questions related to women’s – and in some cases men’s – attitudes surrounding FGM/C. First published on Fri 1 Feb 2019 10.32 EST. [8] United Nations Children’s Fund, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change, UNICEF, New York, 2013. 1, 2010. At least 200 million girls and women alive today living in 31 countries have undergone FGM. In the 31 countries with nationally representative prevalence data, around one in three girls aged 15 to 19 today have undergone the practice versus one in two 30 years ago. Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia. 3, 2010, pp. Teenage girls pose for a portrait in southern Senegal, where more than 80 per cent of girls undergo FGM. Despite this, considerable challenges arise when examining trends, particularly when establishing a connection between programmatic activities and changes in prevalence levels over time. Of those, 4,120 were new cases, meaning the victims appeared in the dataset for the first time, adding to the tens of … The report of the regional figures comes after the NHS released nationwide statistics which revealed that between April 2018 and March 2019, 6,415 women and girls — an increase from 6,260 from the same period the year before — have been identified as victims of FGM. Public Health Wales FGM Statistics Report April 2017 to March 2018 Date: May 2018 Version: Final Page: 4 of 16 1. The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Dashboard contains key information on FGM prevalence and practice. These accounted for 2,905 attendances2 reported at NHS trusts and GP practices where FGM was identified. However, the majority of girls and women in most countries with available data think FGM should end and there has been an overall decline in the prevalence of the practice over the last three decades, but not all countries have made progress and the pace of decline has been uneven. UNICEF’s global database for data on FGM. 22, no. This was followed by questions about the procedure (type, age at cutting and practitioner) for the daughter most recently cut. • There were 1,990 individual1 women and girls who had an attendance where FGM was identified or a procedure related to FGM was undertaken in the period January 2019 to March 2019. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting, and by other terms, such as sunna, gudniin, halalays, tahur, megrez and khitan, among others. In most surveys, eligible respondents are all girls and women aged 15 to 49. Type III: Narrowing of the vaginal orifice by cutting and bringing together the labia minora and/or the labia majora to create a type of seal, with or without excision of the clitoris. Female genital mutilation (FGM) data; keyboard_arrow_right Access all datasets . MICS surveys have a standardized module for female genital mutilation/cutting. First, women may be unwilling to disclose having undergone the procedure because of the sensitivity of the topic or the illegal status of the practice in their country. Prevalence data on girls aged 0 to 14 can be used to assess the impact of recent efforts to end FGM/C since this is the age group most recently cut or at imminent risk of being cut. Drawing on data from more than 70 nationally representative surveys over a 20-year period, the report finds that the practice has declined in a … Of those, the FGM happened in England in 145 cases. The practice is also found in pockets of Europe and in Australia and North America which, for the last several decades, have been destinations for migrants from countries where the practice still occurs[8]. In addition, women may be unaware that they have been cut or of the extent of the cutting, particularly if FGM/C was performed at an early age. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Enhanced Dataset Notes to editors . 66, September–October 1991, ; Ghadially, R., ‘Update on Female Genital Mutilation in India’, Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights Newsletter, January−March 1992. In most instances, the cut edges of the labia are stitched together, which is referred to as ‘infibulation’. Globally, it is estimated that some 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone some form of FGM. Finally, current prevalence among girls and women aged 15 to 19 and ‘adjusted’ prevalence among girls aged 10 to 14 can be analysed. If global efforts are not significantly scaled up, the number of girls and women undergoing FGM will be higher in 2030 than it is today. The second indicator used to report on the practice measures the extent of cutting among daughters of girls and women of reproductive age (15 to 49). The last two decades saw a rise in birth registration levels globally with about 3 in 4 children under age 5 … https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation In some countries, data have been collected through other nationally representative household surveys. Second, a trend analysis can examine FGM/C prevalence at one point in time across five-year age cohorts for girls and women aged 15 to 49. Mothers may be reluctant to disclose the actual FGM/C status of their daughters for fear of repercussions, especially in countries where the practice has been the target of campaigns or legal measures to prohibit it. • There were 1,995 individual1 women and girls who had an attendance where FGM was identified in the period April 2019 to June 2019. Exceptions include Egypt (DHS in 1995, 2000, 2003 and 2005), Sudan (DHS 1989─1990) and Yemen (DHS 1997), where the sample of respondents includes only girls and women aged 15 to 49 who have ever been married. Analysis of the data reflects current perspectives on FGM/C, informed by the latest policy, programmatic and theoretical evidence. Public Health Wales FGM Statistics Report April 2017 to March 2018 Date: May 2018 Version: Final Page: 4 of 16 1. Where the practice is most prevalent, societies often see it as a rite of passage for girls. Since 2008, UNICEF has worked in partnership with UNFPA on the Joint Programme on Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: Accelerating Change. [5] Al-Hinai, H., ‘Female Genital Mutilation in the Sultanate of Oman’, January 2014. ... More than ever, the world needs reliable and trustworthy data and statistics to inform these important decisions. A key point to be kept in mind is that the prevalence data for girls aged 0 to 14 reflect their current, but not final, FGM/C status, since some girls who have not been cut may still be at risk of experiencing the practice once they reach the customary age. Most FGM is Type 1 and Type 2 which is carried out on girls between the ages of 0 and 15 years (see By type). The new module asks all girls and women aged 15 to 49 about the FGM/C status of all of their daughters under age 15. There are 203 NHS trusts, 1,469 GP practices and 12 other organisations registered on the FGM Enhanced Dataset collection system. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, and it is internationally recognized as a human rights violation. Introduction In Wales, Health professionals use the All Wales Clinical Pathway – Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) when a new case of FGM is identified or suspected, in … NEW YORK, 5 February 2016 – At least 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone female genital mutilation in 30 countries, according to a new statistical report published ahead of the United Nations’ International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation.. Prevalence of female genital mutilation in Nigeria 2013-2018, by area Attitudes towards female genital mutilation in Nigeria 2018, by circumcision status Share … FGM is condemned by a number of international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. 2.4.3 Although against the law and in decline, FGM continues to be practiced in Nigeria. https://www.unicef.org/protection/female-genital-mutilation FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING: What might the future hold? Over 4 million girls are at risk of undergoing FGM annually. 6–11. After a few years, the module was modified and has been included in DHS for 23 countries to date. Founded in 2010 and registered as a charity in 2012, 28 Too Many aims to provide a strategic framework, While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have … Evidence suggests that FGM exists in places including Colombia[2], India[3], Malaysia[4], Oman[5], Saudi Arabia[6] and the United Arab Emirates[7], with large variations in terms of the type performed, circumstances surrounding the practice and size of the affected population groups. 2.4.4 The National Bureau of Statistics/BS/UNICEF, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2016-17, February 2018 report is an international survey 2.4.3 Although against the law and in decline, FGM continues to be practiced in Nigeria. A. Rouzi, ‘Sexual Function in Women with Female Genital Mutilation’, Fertility and Sterility, vol. The highest levels of support can be found in Mali, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Somalia and Egypt where more than half of the female population thinks the practice should continue. Type IV: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization. First, prevalence can be compared from surveys in the same country from two (or more) points in time. Drawing on data from more than 70 nationally representative surveys over a 20-year period, the report finds that the practice has declined in a number of … Indeed, of the 31 FGM-affected countries for which data are available, 22 are among the least developed in the world. Others force girls to undergo FGM as a prerequisite for marriage or inheritance. 2.4.4 The National Bureau of Statistics/BS/UNICEF, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2016-17, February 2018 report is an international survey If the eldest daughter was reportedly not cut, respondents were asked if they intended to have their daughter cut. Customize and download female genital mutilation (fgm) data. These accounted for 2,935 attendances2 reported at NHS trusts and GP practices where FGM was identified or a procedure related to FGM was undertaken.. STORY Sep 16, 2019 Haruna Kashiwase. However, not all countries have made progress and the pace of decline has been uneven. Typically, girls and women are also asked about the type of FGM/C performed, at what age they were cut and by whom. Approximately one in four FGM survivors – some 52 million women and girls worldwide – were cut by health personnel. This factsheet sheds light on UNICEF’s multisectoral and holistic approach in implementing the FGM programme and the contribution towards its elimination. Today, a girl is about one third less likely to be cut than she was 30 years ago. 722–24. [6] Alsibiani, S. A. and A. 9, no. 3 The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 was amended by sections 70-75, Serious Crime Act 2015. child abuse Usually it is a girl’s parents or her extended family who are responsible for arranging FGM. Over 4 million girls are at risk of undergoing FGM annually. In light of the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), Hala Abou Zeid, Minister of Health, revealed in a press conference that Egypt is launching a new campaign on 6 February fighting FGM nationwide. Some of the reasons given for the continued practice of FGM include; protecting Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, and it is internationally recognized as a human rights violation. Despite being internationally recognized as a human rights violation, FGM has been performed on at least 200 million girls and women in 31 countries across three continents, with more than half of those cut living in Egypt, Ethiopia and Indonesia. Official Statistics Female Genital Mutilation January-March 2019 Cases of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) added to the FGM Enhanced Dataset collection platform between 1 January 2019 … Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia. Yet FGM can lead to serious health complications and even death. • There were 1,995 individual1 women and girls who had an attendance where FGM was identified in the period April 2019 to June 2019. Global efforts have accelerated progress being made to eliminate FGM. However, FGM is a human rights issue that affects girls and women worldwide. Therefore, the data on prevalence for girls under age 15 is actually an underestimation of the true extent of the practice. This should be kept in mind when interpreting all FGM/C prevalence data for this age group. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What might the future hold? Sources: DHS, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018. Since age at cutting varies among settings, the amount of underestimation also varies. 2% of all women aged 15-49, but there are welcome signs that this is reducing in younger age- groups. ), thesis paper, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 2002; Al Marzouqi, W., ‘Fatal Traditions: Female circumcision in the U.A.E.’, Desert Dawn, vol. The first module on FGM/C was included in the 2000 MICS in the Central African Republic, Chad and Sudan. Most girls are subjected to FGM before the age of 15. ";s:7:"keyword";s:19:"fgm statistics 2019";s:5:"links";s:1192:"Tyson Alualu House,
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