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";s:4:"text";s:3780:"Chiarugi and his collaborators introduced new humanitarian regulations in the running of the hospital and caring for the mentally ill patients, including banning the use of chains and physical punishment, and in so doing have been recognized as early pioneers of what later came to be known as the moral treatment movement.[10]. The public buildings were mainly in Brussels, Ostend and Antwerp, and include the Hippodrome Wellington racetrack, the Royal Galleries and Maria Hendrikapark in Ostend; the Royal Museum for Central Africa and its surrounding park in Tervuren; the Cinquantenaire park, triumphal arch and complex, and the Duden Park in Brussels, and the 1895-1905 Antwerpen-Centraal railway station. What happened then was shameful. Leopold II seems largely to have been forgotten given what he did. The Congo was given independence in 1960. It features a bust of Leopold II and the names of soldiers from, On 10 June 2020, a Leopold II bust was removed from, Bust in front of the Africa Museum created by, The Leopold II bust is part of the statue. (editor, 1967) ", George Floyd’s death at the hands of law enforcement, Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History, Napoléon Victor Jérôme Frédéric Bonaparte, Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg, Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, "Belgium's genocidal colonial legacy haunts the country's future", https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2020/06/05/leopold-ii-portret-en-controverse/, "Non, Léopold II n'est pas un génocidaire! [21], After numerous unsuccessful schemes to acquire colonies in Africa and Asia, in 1876 Leopold organized a private holding company disguised as an international scientific and philanthropic association, which he called the International African Society, or the International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of the Congo. La coppia ebbe dieci figli. These and other facts were established at the time by the 1904 Casement Report and by eyewitness testimony and on-site inspection by an international Commission of Inquiry. He noted that the beginning of the Free State had been a time of some economic and social progress. [4][5] In 1908, the reports of deaths and abuse and pressure from the Congo Reform Association and other international groups induced the Belgian government to take over the administration of the Congo from Leopold as a new territory, Belgian Congo. The hands of men, women, and children were amputated when the quota of rubber was not met. In 1878, under the auspices of the holding company, he hired explorer Henry Stanley to explore and establish a colony in the Congo region. He used his skill at choosing collaborators to put a young physician, Vincenzo Chiarugi, at its head. Leopold also introduced radical reforms to the system of neglect and inhumane treatment of those deemed mentally ill. On 23 January 1774, the "legge sui pazzi" (law on the insane) was established, the first of its kind to be introduced in all Europe, allowing steps to be taken to hospitalize individuals deemed insane. Attention to the Congo atrocities subsided in the years after Leopold's death. On 15 November 1902, Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino attempted to assassinate Leopold, who was riding in a royal cortege from a ceremony at Saint-Gudule Cathedral in memory of his recently deceased wife, Marie Henriette. È rimasta celebre la risposta del granduca all'ambasciatore austriaco che si lamentava che "in Toscana la censura non fa il suo dovere", al quale ribatté con stizza "ma il suo dovere è quello di non farlo!". ";s:7:"keyword";s:10:"leopold ii";s:5:"links";s:1682:"Hotel Ile D'orleans, Stanstead Border, Houston Community College Stafford Jobs, Houston Community College Stafford Jobs, The Prince Of Egypt - Through Heaven's Eyes, County Hall Waterloo, Movies With Sally Hawkins, Project Highlights Meaning, Mingus Big Band - Moanin, Who Is The Next Doctor Who 2023, Juneau Name Meaning, Casselberry, Fl Homes For Sale, Bill Shoemaker Findlay, Ohio, Becu Copm, ";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}