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";s:4:"text";s:5628:"Furthermore, unlike direct species collection, eDNA does not provide any physiological or health information for the detected organisms (Thomsen & Willerslev, 2015). In general, studies on amphipod reproductive biology revealed that breeding occurs during the spring in most species (Węsławski & Legeżyńska, 2002). A total of 117 water samples were collected and filtered following the methods outlined in Lacoursière‐Roussel et al. Churchill was surveyed 11–14 August 2015, Iqaluit between 17–22 August 2015 and 24–26 July 2016, and Deception Bay between 19 and 27 August 2016. No single small to medium size facility can undertake a million dollar LIMS venture however jointly the eDNA LIMS has evolved into a multifaceted software solution. Raw sequence reads were deposited in NCBI's Sequence Read Archive (SRA, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) under Bioprojects PRJNA388333 and PRJNA521343. The presence of marine invertebrates in the diets of Arctic fishes, birds, and mammals highlights their trophic importance (Bluhm & Gradinger, 2008; CAFF International Secretariat, 2010; Gajbhiye, 2002). The study also highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to assess large‐scale Arctic marine invertebrate diversity while emphasizing that eDNA and species collection should be considered as complementary tools to provide a more holistic picture of coastal marine invertebrate communities. Two correction factors were applied to ensure the reliability of the data and quality of the resulting analyses. These three Arctic ports were selected because of their risk to potential changes in their local marine invertebrate communities due to climate change and the relatively high levels of shipping activity in each, which places them at greater risk for introduction of nonindigenous species (Chan et al., 2013; Chan et al., ; Goldsmit et al., 2019). Each port was analyzed on a separate run to ensure independence, but the samples within a port were pooled within a single Illumina MiSeq run to ensure the equality of sequencing depth among samples. (2018). Doc. By combining the study of invertebrate communities at different spatial scales detected by eDNA and species collection, this study highlights important features related to the ecology of eDNA biodiversity indices such as the origin of eDNA (i.e., planktonic phases of benthic taxa) and the effect of spatial homogenization. Although the tool allows rapid assessment of biodiversity, database gaps hamper the use of eDNA as sequence assignments are highly dependent on their availability in public databases (Elbrecht, Vamos, Meissner, Aroviita, & Leese, 2017; Kwong, Srivathsan, & Meier, 2012). eDNA in applied conservation biology. Gamma richness was consistently higher for species collections methods (432 genera identified) than for eDNA (202 genera detected), and there was variation between sampling approaches among ports. However, gaining a better understanding of Arctic invertebrate community structure and how it may vary over time is challenging due to the heterogeneous distribution of species, uncertain taxonomy, and limitations due to sampling under ice cover (Jarosław, Mioduchowska, & Petković, 2016; Ministry of Environment, 2006). Doc. As many chemical and biological processes influence eDNA production, transport, and degradation, it will be of interest in future studies to evaluate how latitude may influence patterns of eDNA biodiversity indices. Identification issues, directly or in combination with biases in detectability, may also explain differences in community assemblages identified through eDNA and species collections. A drop in the ocean: Monitoring fish communities in spawning areas using environmental DNA. This highlights the importance of using a combination of different primer sets covering different genomic regions until a more universal primer set is available. Sea‐surface temperature in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait in relation to air temperature and ice cover breakup, 1985–2009, Redesign of PCR primers for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for marine invertebrates and application in all‐taxa biotic surveys, Benthic non‐indigenous species in Ports of the Canadian Arctic: Identification, biodiversity and relationships with global warming and shipping activity, Projecting present and future habitat suitability of ship‐ mediated aquatic invasive species in the Canadian Arctic, Establishing a baseline for early detection of non‐indigenous species in ports of the Canadian Arctic, Ecological risk assessment of predicted marine invasions in the Canadian Arctic, Life in the World’s oceans: Diversity, distribution, and abundance, Marine biodiversity: Patterns, threats and conservation needs, Effects of sampling effort on biodiversity patterns estimated from environmental DNA metabarcoding surveys, Local observations of climate change and impacts on traditional food security in two northern Aboriginal communities, Characterization of the 18S rRNA gene for designing universal eukaryote specific primers, The sceptical optimist: Challenges and perspectives for the application of environmental DNA in marine fisheries, Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: Insights from molecular tools, Optimal extraction methods for the simultaneous analysis of DNA from diverse organisms and sample types, Seasonal dynamics of meroplankton assemblages at station L4, Spawning synchrony and aggregative behaviour of cold‐water echinoderms during multi‐species mass spawnings, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Global warming of 1.5°C. 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