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";s:4:"text";s:14388:"Unionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia – dictionary. [7], Sparta then proposed to her allies to mount an expedition to restore Hippias as tyrant of Athens. According to Herodotus, her political acumen existed at a young age. It is not surprising that, when the tyrant of Sicyon was looking for a husband for his daughter Agariste (c. 574), he should have chosen Megacles, son of Alcmaeon. He therefore persuaded the people to change the basis of political organization from the family, clan, and phratry (kinship group) to the locality. An attempt by nobles in exile to force their way back failed, Philip II of Macedon was a king who ruled the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 359 to 336 B.C. The exact date of his birth is as unknown as the particulars of his childhood. Gorgo and Leonidas had one child, Pleistarchus. [10], Cleomenes sent the majority of his army back to Sparta and took a thousand men to the temple of Hera to make a sacrifice. Argos would remain a bitter enemy of Sparta for decades after this attack. [6] According to Pausanias, Cleomenes managed to get as far as Aegina. Leonidas was probably born around the year 540 BC and became king when he was around fifty-years-old. Leonidas sent most of his army away when he realized that the Persians had outmaneuvered him. According to W G Forrest, it was Cleomenes who argued for this change of position with Sparta's allies. It was during his reign that the Peloponnesian League came formally into existence. James Walton. Married her uncle, King Leonidas I) 1. The Alcmaeonids’ part in the Sacred War ensured the favour of Delphi; this support was further strengthened by the part played by the family in the rebuilding of Apollo’s temple, which had burned down in about 548. Abolió a los éforos e introdujo el patronomoi (consejo de… … Enciclopedia Universal, Cleomenes III — /kliˈɒməniz/ (say klee omuhneez) noun died 220? Due to Sparta being the most warlike and martially capable of the Greek city-states, the members of the Greek League chose Leonidas to be their commander-in-chief in 481 BC in their war against Persia. Although Leonidas was a great warrior and probably a keen strategist, the idea to create a bottleneck at Thermopylae came from the Spartan elected council known as the ephors. was a king of the city-state of Sparta from about 490 B.C. In 512, at a time when Hippias, frightened by the murder of his brother in 514, had become increasingly repressive, the Alcmaeonids tried unsuccessfully with other nobles to fight their way back. They were, however, put to death, and Megacles was held responsible. However, one year after Cleomenes' birth, Anaxandridas' first wife also gave birth to a son, Dorieus. The Spartans were repeatedly urged by Delphi to set Athens free, and it was finally a Spartan army that forced Hippias and his family to leave Attica. It placed him closer to his half-brother and king and later paved the way for him to become king. Within that grouping steps were probably taken to diminish the local influence of some of the main priestly families. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Leonidas is a legend without a biographer. [citation needed], "Cleomenes," remarks historian J. was a king of the city-state of Sparta from about 490 BC until his death in 480. Cleomenes came with an armed force to support Isagoras, and they forced Cleisthenes and the Alcmaeonidae family to go into exile for a second time. It is not clear why the attack on Argos took place. King Anaxandridas II died in 520 BC, and Cleomenes succeeded to the throne sometime between then and 516 BC. The Spartans had no wish to see a democratic Athens, but they misjudged the mood of the people. 1. 220? Gorgos also proved her wisdom during the Persian invasion of 480BC. He was unable to force Hippias to surrender, but the Spartans captured some of Hippias' relatives and took them hostage until he agreed to give up the city. Cleomenes declined, so Aristagoras began offering him more and more. Check out this biography to know about his childhood, family life, achievements and fun facts about his life. Given that Sparta had been instrumental in the overthrow of Hippias this change in policy was justified because Sparta had discovered that they had been tricked by the Alcmaeonidae into overthrowing Hippias because the Delphic oracle had been bribed into asking them to do so. Being third in the succession line, Leonidas had to go through the agoge to earn full citizenship (homoios). Was then about 25 years old, and occupied the Acropolis brother Hipparchus ( 514 ), however put. 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