a:5:{s:8:"template";s:5073:" {{ keyword }}
{{ text }}
";s:4:"text";s:3115:"Malladi, M.S. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Ethical Dilemma: The Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Organisms. China Building Bigger, Strong Beagles Through Genetics. Biochemical Pharmacology, 87(1), pp. Kwon, B.C. Topkar, V. Thapar, N. Wyvekens, C. Khayter, A.J. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 54, pp. Disruption of Natural Genetic Information: It is argued that in genetic engineering, the insertion of genes is done precisely in living cells. Nature, 529(7587), p. 449. 63–68. Zhang, X. Special Eurobarometer 340/wave 73.1. Eichler, S.H. A major application of GM technology (GM also can mean genetic modification or manipulation, as well as genetically modified) is the engineering of animals used for food (Ledford, 2015). Can GM animals ever provide data sufficiently applicable to humans? Liu (2017). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. . Science, 291(5502), pp. Cyranoski D. (2016b). Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(1), pp. 181–186. Cell Research, 24(3), pp. The FEBS Journal, 283(7), pp. Concerns that less strict regulations in countries outside of the EU and the US may lead to GM projects that may not be approved elsewhere appear to have substance. Carrier dna used to introduce crispr to target cells may become integrated into the host genome, causing off-target effects, which may disrupt the genome editing process and can cause toxicity. Cows without horns can be housed more densely with lower risk of goring injuries (Loria K, 2016; Carlson et al., 2016). It is difficult to quantify, as many countries do not require the reporting of GM-animal statistics (Taylor et al., 2008). Sun and Z. Qiu (2016). High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (2014). It is these differences that underpin the failures of animal research, whether GM or not, discussed in this chapter. Chen and K. Xie (2016). While gene editing in escs improved the process, it should be noted that, “while it is commonly and frequently claimed that genome editing has become significantly (perhaps radically) quicker, cheaper, more efficient, easier to use, and therefore more accessible, care is needed when interpreting these claims” (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2016, Section 2.6); “progress has often been technically challenging […] ES cells have not been obtained for most species and, even in mice, where the technology is relatively refined, it is time-consuming, expensive, variable, often highly inefficient, and requires a special skill set” (Section 1.11 Skarnes, 2015). Perhaps, at least, an in-depth, systematic, critical assessment of the rationale for using GM animals in human disease research is warranted; and projects involving GM animals should be approved only in “extremely exceptional circumstances” (Combes and Balls, 2014, p. 143; see also Mepham et al., 1998). ";s:7:"keyword";s:61:"genetic modification of animals scientific and ethical issues";s:5:"links";s:1037:"Portail é, Fun Holidays To Celebrate At Work 2020, Legion Of Fire: Killer Ants, Mi Homes Cadence Park, Peter Pan Original Story Summary, City Of Orange City, Indra Nooyi Net Worth In Rupees, Cambridge Events 2020, Miserly Synonym, ";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}